Order: Pyrenulales       Family: Pyrenulaceae Species: Pyrenula dermatodes Growth type crustose. Photos: On Holly. Co. Cork and Co. Kerry, SW Ireland. Identified by John Douglass Thallus yellow-green to rusty-orange, superficial, continuous, finely cracked or areolate. Immersed perithecia form very low projections with only grey ostiole visible from above, sometimes exposed with black disc visible. Pseudocyphellae absent. Occurs on smooth-barked trees including Holly, Hazel, Rowan and Beech, rarely on shaded siliceous rocks. Can be locally frequent in SW Ireland, range extending up the west coast to Co. Donegal. Also N Scotland but not recorded from elsewhere in Europe. Thallus K+ orange-red (patchy), C-, KC-, P-, UV+ yellow-orange

Photo immediately above: Pyrenula dermatodes on shaded rock. Glengarriff, November 2009